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最高人民法院


（最高人民法院审判委员会讨论通过 2012年4月9日发布）



关键词

民事诉讼 抗诉 申请撤诉 终结审查

裁判要点

人民法院接到民事抗诉书后，经审查发现案件纠纷已经解决，当事人申请撤诉，且不损害国家利益、社会公共利益或第三人利益的，应当依法作出对抗诉案终结审查的裁定；如果已裁定再审，应当依法作出终结再审诉讼的裁定。

相关法条

《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百四十条第一款第（十一）项

基本案情

2009年6月15日，黑龙江省牡丹江市华隆房地产开发有限责任公司（简称华隆公司）因与牡丹江市宏阁建筑安装有限责任公司（简称宏阁公司）、张继增建设工程施工合同纠纷一案，不服黑龙江省高级人民法院同年2月11日作出的(2008)黑民一终字第173号民事判决，向最高人民法院申请再审。最高人民法院于同年12月8日作出（2009）民申字第1164号民事裁定，按照审判监督程序提审本案。在最高人民法院民事审判第一庭提审期间，华隆公司鉴于当事人之间已达成和解且已履行完毕，提交了撤回再审申请书。最高人民法院经审查，于2010年12月15日以（2010）民提字第63号民事裁定准许其撤回再审申请。

申诉人华隆公司在向法院申请再审的同时，也向检察院申请抗诉。2010年11月12日，最高人民检察院受理后决定对本案按照审判监督程序提出抗诉。2011年3月9日，最高人民法院立案一庭收到最高人民检察院高检民抗[2010]58号民事抗诉书后进行立案登记，同月11日移送审判监督庭审理。最高人民法院审判监督庭经审查发现，华隆公司曾向本院申请再审，其纠纷已解决，且申请检察院抗诉的理由与申请再审的理由基本相同，遂与最高人民检察院沟通并建议其撤回抗诉，最高人民检察院不同意撤回抗诉。再与华隆公司联系，华隆公司称当事人之间已就抗诉案达成和解且已履行完毕，纠纷已经解决，并于同年4月13日再次向最高人民法院提交了撤诉申请书。

裁判结果

最高人民法院于2011年7月6日以（2011）民抗字第29号民事裁定书，裁定本案终结审查。

裁判理由

最高人民法院认为：对于人民检察院抗诉再审的案件，或者人民法院依据当事人申请或依据职权裁定再审的案件，如果再审期间当事人达成和解并履行完毕，或者撤回申诉，且不损害国家利益、社会公共利益的，为了尊重和保障当事人在法定范围内对本人合法权利的自由处分权，实现诉讼法律效果与社会效果的统一，促进社会和谐，人民法院应当根据《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉审判监督程序若干问题的解释》第三十四条的规定，裁定终结再审诉讼。

本案中，申诉人华隆公司不服原审法院民事判决，在向最高人民法院申请再审的同时，也向检察机关申请抗诉。在本院提审期间，当事人达成和解，华隆公司向本院申请撤诉。由于当事人有权在法律规定的范围内自由处分自己的民事权益和诉讼权利，其撤诉申请意思表示真实，已裁定准许其撤回再审申请，本案当事人之间的纠纷已得到解决，且本案并不涉及国家利益、社会公共利益或第三人利益，故检察机关抗诉的基础已不存在，本案已无按抗诉程序裁定进入再审的必要，应当依法裁定本案终结审查。



国务院


国务院关于严格保护珍贵稀有野生动物的通令(附英文)
国务院


我国是世界上拥有野生动物种类最多的国家，占世界种类总数百分之十以上。其中大熊猫、金丝猴、台湾猴、羚牛、白唇鹿、黑麂、白鳍豚、扬子鳄、中华鲟、白鲟、褐马鸡、雉鹑、黑颈鹤等一百多种是闻名世界的我国特产珍贵稀有野生动物。此外，还有丹顶鹤、白鹤、朱■、黑鹳、
天鹅、黄腹角雉、绿尾虹雉、白冠长尾雉、多种长臂猿、叶猴、毛冠鹿、雪豹、野骆驼等珍稀濒危种类的野生动物。野生动物是我国一项宝贵的自然资源，长期以来由于多方面的原因，使这项自然资源面临枯竭的危险。保护及合理利用这项资源，对维护自然生态平衡，开展科学研究，发展
经济、文化、教育、医药、卫生等事业有着重要意义。近几年来，不少地区仍发生猎捕珍贵稀有野生动物，严重破坏这些动物的栖息环境事件，以及违章出口这些动物及其产品等违法行为。
为了坚决制止上述违法行为，加强珍贵稀有野生动物保护管理工作，特通令如下：
一、保护珍贵稀有野生动物是建设社会主义精神文明和物质文明的一项重要内容，是每个公民应尽的职责。各级人民政府应高度重视，加强领导，责成有关部门，采取有效措施，切实抓好这项工作。要加强保护珍贵稀有野生动物的宣传教育，造成强大的社会舆论，力求做到家喻户晓，
深入人心，使爱护珍贵稀有野生动物逐渐成为一种新的社会风尚和美德。为了把这项工作搞好，各地应结合“爱鸟周”及本地区的具体情况，集中一段时间开展这方面的宣传教育活动。
二、坚决制止乱捕滥猎珍贵稀有野生动物。要严格执行国家和省、市、自治区关于保护珍贵稀有野生动物的规定，对违反这些规定，私自猎捕珍贵稀有野生动物，买卖，走私出口这些动物及其产品的违法犯罪活动，必须彻底追查，依法惩办。要抓住典型案件，从严从速处理，关在报刊
上公布，以教育广大干部和群众。与此同时，对保护珍贵稀有野生动物有显著成绩的单位和个人要给予表扬和奖励。
三、各地要进一步加强对狩猎生产和猎枪、猎具的管理。未经国务院主管部门批准，任何单位不准擅自生产、销售猎枪和汽枪。国家关于禁猎的地区和时间以及禁止使用的狩猎工具和方法的规定，必须严格执行，违者依法惩处。
四、禁止珍贵稀有野生动物及其产品的出口。如有特殊需要出口时，必须按国家规定严格履行审批手续，并由“中华人民共和国濒危物种进出口管理办公室”核准，发给允许出口证明书。
五、加强珍贵稀有野生动物的科学研究工作，有计划地开展这些动物的资源考察和人工驯养繁殖等工作。为了驯养目的需要捕捉国家规定保护的野生动物时，应按规定履行审批手续。
六、注意保护珍贵稀有野生动物的生存环境。对珍贵稀有野生动物的主要栖息繁殖地区应按国家规定划为保护区或禁猎区，加强管理和建设。对于濒危野生动物的主要繁殖地应禁止一切影响其繁殖生存的生产活动。
以上通令，应公告全体公民周知，切实遵照执行。(附英文)

A CIRCULAR DECREE OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING STRICT PROTEC-TION OF PRECIOUS AND RARE WILD ANIMALS

Important Notice: (注意事项)

英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)

A CIRCULAR DECREE OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING STRICT PROTEC-
TION OF PRECIOUS AND RARE WILD ANIMALS
(Promulgated on April 13, 1983)
Ours is a country which has the largest varieties of wild animals in the
world, accounting for over 10% of the world's total number of varieties of
wild animals. Among these wild animals are giant panda, golden monkey,
Taiwan monkey, takin, Cervus albirostris, Muntiacus crinifrons, Chinese
river dolphin (Lipotes vexillifer), Chinese alligator, Acipenser sinensis,
Chinese paddlefish, Crossoptilon mantchuricum, jacana, and black-necked
crane, and others --- a total of more than 100 species of precious and
rare wild animals, well known to the world and found exclusively in our
country. Besides those mentioned above, there are some wild animals, such
as red-crowned crane, white crane, red ibis, Ciconia nigra, swan, yellow-
ventraled horned jacana, green-tailed jacana, white-crowned long-tailed
pheasant, gibbon, black-leaf monkey, tufted deer, snow leopard, and wild
camel, which are species of precious and rare wild animals on the brink of
extinction. Wild animals are valuable natural resources of our country,
but for a long time, owing to various reasons, these natural resources
have been faced with the danger of being exhausted. The protection and
rational utilization of these natural resources are of great significance
in maintaining ecological balance, carrying on scientific research,
developing national economy, and promoting the development of culture,
education, medicine, and public health. In the past few years, cases of
hunting precious and rare wild animals, seriously destroying the habitats
of these wild animals, and the illegal acts of exporting these animals and
products made from them, have been frequently reported in various places.
This circular decree is hereby issued in order to check resolutely the
aforesaid illegal acts, and strengthen the protection of and the
administration concerning the precious and rare wild animals:
(1) The protection of precious and rare wild animals constitutes an
important aspect in promoting socialist spiritual civilization and
socialist material civilization, and is also a bounden duty of every
citizen. The people's government at various levels should attach great
importance to this task, strengthen their leadership, and give
administrative orders to the departments concerned to adopt effective
measures to carry out this task. It is imperative to step up publicity and
educational work concerning the protection of precious and rare wild
animals so as to form powerful public opinion in support of this task. The
significance of this task should be made known to everybody, to every
household, so that a new social mode will gradually form under which the
protection of precious and rare wild animals is seen as a virtue and is
concerned by the whole society. In order to do a good job in this respect,
it is necessary to launch a publicity campaign for a period of time; while
we do this, we should integrate our publicity campaign with another
activity --- "a weekly publicity campaign for the protection of birds" ---
and take the local specific conditions into consideration.

(2) Indiscriminate catching and wanton hunting of precious and rare wild
animals must be checked resolutely. The provisions concerning the
protection of precious and rare wild animals, promulgated by the State and
by the provinces, the municipalities directly under the Central Government
or the autonomous regions, must be executed strictly. Those who have
violated these provisions and are engaged in hunting precious and rare
wild animals, in buying, selling, or smuggling out of the country these
animals and products made from them illegally, must be thoroughly
investigated and penalized according to law. Typical cases shall be dealt
with promptly and severely, and be published in newspapers for the purpose
of educating all cadres and the broad masses. At the same time, units and
individuals that have done a good job in protecting precious and rare wild
animals shall be commended and rewarded.
(3) The departments concerned in various places must further strengthen
the control over the hunting occupation and over hunting occupation and
over hunting rifles and hunting gear. Without the approval of the
competent authorities under the State Council, no units are permitted to
manufacture and sell hunting rifles and air guns. The provisions
promulgated by the State concerning the prohibition of hunting in certain
areas and hunting in certain seasons, and of the use of a particular kind
of hunting gear and hunting method, must be strictly executed; those who
have violated these provisions shall be penalized according to law.

(4) The exportation of precious and rare wild animals and products made
from them is forbidden. In cases where such exports are necessary, the
cases must be handled by strictly going through the procedures for
examination and approval in accordance with the provisions promulgated by
the State, and the said cases shall be examined and approved by the Office
of the People's Republic of China for the Administration of the Import and
Export of Species on the Brink of Extinction, which shall be responsible
for issuing the export certificate.
(5) Scientific research on precious and rare wild animals shall be
strengthened. Research work shall be conducted in a planned way into the
resources survey and the artificial breeding and raising methods of such
animals. In case that wild animals, which should be protected in
accordance with the provisions promulgated by the State, have to be caught
for the purpose of carrying on experiments in the domestication of wild
animals, it is necessary to go through the prescribed procedures for
examination and approval.
(6) Attention should be paid to the protection of the environment for the
survival of precious and rare wild animals. The chief habitats and areas
of breeding for precious and rare wild animals shall, in accordance with
the provisions promulgated by the State, be designated as nature reserves
or sanctuaries, the administration of which should be strengthened and the
construction speeded up. With respect to the chief breeding places for
those wild animals that are now on the brink of extinction, all production
activities that might adversely affect the breeding and subsistence of the
aforesaid animals shall be banned.
The circular decree, as defined above, is hereby made known to all
citizens, who have the obligations to carry it out conscientiously.



1983年4月13日